Falsification Of The Atmospheric CO2 Greenhouse Effects Within The Frame Of Physics

The atmospheric greenhouse effect, an idea that many authors trace back to the traditional works of Fourier (1824), Tyndall (1861), and Arrhenius (1896), and which is still supported in global climatology, essentially describes a fictitious mechanism, in which a planetary atmosphere acts as a heat pump driven by an environment that is radiatively interacting with but radiatively equilibrated to the atmospheric system. According to the second law of thermodynamics such a planetary machine can never exist. Nevertheless, in almost all texts of global climatology and in a widespread secondary literature it is taken for granted that such mechanism is real and stands on a firm scientific foundation. In this paper the popular conjecture is analyzed and the underlying physical principles are clarified. By showing that (a) there are no common physical laws between the warming phenomenon in glass houses and the fictitious atmospheric greenhouse effects, (b) there are no calculations to determine an average surface temperature of a planet, (c) the frequently mentioned difference of 33 degrees Celsius is a meaningless number calculated wrongly, (d) the formulas of cavity radiation are used inappropriately, (e) the assumption of a radiative balance is unphysical, (f) thermal conductivity and friction must not be set to zero, the atmospheric greenhouse conjecture is falsified.Comment: 115 pages, 32 figures, 13 tables (some typos corrected

Association of interatrial septal abnormalities with cardiac impulse conduction disorders in adult patients: experience from a tertiary center in Kosovo

Interatrial septal disorders, which include: atrial septal defect, patent foramen ovale and atrial septal aneurysm, are frequent congenital anomalies found in adult patients. Early detection of these anomalies is important to prevent their hemodynamic and/or thromboembolic consequences. The aims of this study were: to assess the association between impulse conduction disorders and anomalies of interatrial septum; to determine the prevalence of different types of interatrial septum abnormalities; to assess anatomic, hemodynamic, and clinical consequences of interatrial septal pathologies. Fifty-three adult patients with impulse conduction disorders and patients without ECG changes but with signs of interatrial septal abnormalities, who were referred to our center for echocardiography, were included in a prospective transesophageal echocardiography study. Interatrial septal anomalies were detected in around 85% of the examined patients. Patent foramen ovale was encountered in 32% of the patients, and in combination with atrial septal aneurysm in an additional 11.3% of cases. Atrial septal aneurysm and atrial septal defect were diagnosed with equal frequency in 20.7% of our study population. Impulse conduction disorders were significantly more suggestive of interatrial septal anomalies than clinical signs and symptoms observed in our patients (84.91% vs 30.19%, P=0.002). Right bundle branch block was the most frequent impulse conduction disorder, found in 41 (77.36%) cases. We conclude that interatrial septal anomalies are highly associated with impulse conduction disorders, particularly with right bundle branch block. Impulse conduction disorders are more indicative of interatrial septal abnormalities in earlier stages than can be understood from the patient’s clinical condition

Kinematics of experimentally produced deformation bands in stibnite

Using videotape techniques, we have observed the kinematic development of a variety of microstructures during experimental deformation of single crystals of stibnite (Sb2S3). The crystals were deformed by flexure or uniaxial compression at room P-T conditions in a small strain device attached to the stage of a reflecting microscope. In more than 50 experimental runs, the primary microstructures produced in stibnite were deformation bands, not deformation twins as often reported in the literature. Translation gliding along (010) [001] results in visible slipbands and produces two basic types of deformation bands, each with a variety of subtypes. Kink bands form with [phi] (angle of internal rotation) [approximate, equal]70[deg] and perpendicular bands develop with [phi][approximate, equal] 90[deg]. Other optical deformation features seen forming were: breccia fragments, bent and opened cleavages, and microfolds.Four stages could be seen in the kinematic development of deformation bands. During initiation, bands form by nearly instantaneous propagation of a narrow bent zone across the crystal. During later migration, the bands widen at a rate invariably slower than the rate of initiation. Termination of bands occurs when growth is impeded by intersections with grain boundaries or other deformation features. During late modification, previously formed bands with straight boundaries are sheared, bent, and compressed. Unconfined crystals tend to form kinks, whereas the perpendicular bands formed in samples confined in relatively rigid plastic. Naturally deformed stibnites show the same features. Television photomicroscopy has great potential for studying microstructures during deformation.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23215/1/0000144.pd

Конкурентоспособность фирм в условиях рыночной экономики

Анализ эффективности организации коммерческой деятельности предприятия и оценка конкурентоспособности фирмы. Исследование и разработка системы повышения конкурентоспособности предприятия рынка рекламных услуг.Analysis of the effectiveness of the organization of commercial activities of the enterprise and evaluation of the firm's competitiveness. Research and development of a system for increasing the competitiveness of a service enterprise

Sending Country Policies

This chapter explores the twin central questions of how and why countries of origin reach out to expatriate populations. It first outlines basic concepts and typologies related to sending country policies, focusing particularly on key countries of origin of migrants settled within the European Union. Second, the chapter reviews central explanations for the emergence of sending country policies. However, sending countries do not reach out to their emigrants in equal measure. Differences are therefore examined in the outreach policies of sending countries and in sending countries' transnational relations with diasporas. The last part of the chapter discusses the nexus between sending country policies and migrant integration in the country of residence. On the basis of existing research, the chapter argues that sending country policies may intersect with migrants' integration in a number of ways. For example, migrant sending countries may seek to strengthen the upward mobility of their expatriate citizens in their place of residence abroad, and they may call for greater protection of migrant workers in precarious labour situations. Little is currently known about how migrants and diasporas respond to these policies and how they are perceived by political actors of countries of residence. This is an area for further study. More analysis is also needed to determine the extent that sending country outreach policies aimed at bonding with and supporting citizens abroad challenge territorial policy sovereignty and the strength of receiving countries in agenda-setting in international cooperation on migration and migrant settlement

Transnationalism as a research paradigm and its relevance for integration

This chapter reviews the state of the art of scholarship on the transnationalism-integration nexus. It examines the view emanating from the existing literature on the relation between immigrants’ transnational activities and ties to the country of origin, on the one hand, and "integration" in the receiving country, on the other. The review is guided by the popular political question: Can transnationalism and integration be mutually beneficial, or is it a zero-sum relation? The joint reading of the literature on transnationalism in Europe points to two observations. First, transnationalism is costly. Economic transnationalism requires financial capital, for instance, for remittances or investments. Sociocultural transnationalism requires social capital in the form of available contacts, while political transnationalism requires resources to work politics in the homeland. Immigrants who are low on economic, sociocultural, or political resources are less likely to engage in transnationalism. How this relates to integration depends on the type and form of transnationalism being considered. It is relatively inexpensive for immigrants to be involved in country of residence transnational activities, particularly if this is paid for by homeland-based actors such as a political party. Thus, only those who have enough capital—implying a degree of integration in the host country—can afford to engage in transnational activities. Second, many studies show that what happens "there" has consequences for what happens "here". Feelings of exclusion in the homeland may foster integration in the host county, while factual exclusion may trigger more radical forms of transnationalism to change the situation there